Distortion: Distortion technically is anytime the input signal differs from the output signal. The distortion effect was created to replicate the sound of a heavily distorted amplifier. Distortion sound was created by increasing the gain of the amplifier and guitarist have called it a “fuzzy”, “growling”, or “dirty” tone. The main difference between distortion and overdrive is that overdrive increases with increased volume and pic pressure, while the amount of distortion remains the same with volume, just gets louder.
Simplest Definition: Sounds dirty.
Video Explanation:
Video: Distortion Effect Tutorial
Video: Using Clipping to Create Distortion, Overdrive and Fuzz
Effect Pedal Examples:
Electric Orange Pig Hoof MkII Distortion Pedal
Bogner Burnley Distortion Pedal
Common Internal Components:
Toshiba TA7136AP pre-amplifier
New Japan Radio NJM2904L op-amp
Written Articles:
Article: The Difference Between Overdrive and Distortion Explained
Article: Distortion Effects Explained
Fifty Favorite Effect Pedals for Sale: